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	<title>Wordlab &#187; Culture / History</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.wordlab.com/category/culture-history/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.wordlab.com</link>
	<description>The naming and branding community</description>
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		<item>
		<title>In praise of all things eleven</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2011/11/in-praise-of-all-things-eleven/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2011/11/in-praise-of-all-things-eleven/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Nov 2011 19:11:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eleven]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nigel Tufnel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinal Tap]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=3424</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Happy Eleven Eleven Eleven day (11/11/11)! This also turns out to be Nigel Tufnel Day, in honor of the Spinal Tap guitarist who famously cranked up his amps as far as they would go, then took it up a notch from there. These go to eleven!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Happy Eleven Eleven Eleven day (11/11/11)! This also turns out to be <a href="http://www.reghardware.com/2011/11/11/eleven_rock_films/" target="_blank">Nigel Tufnel Day</a>, in honor of the Spinal Tap guitarist who famously cranked up his amps as far as they would go, then took it up a notch from there.</p>
<p><iframe width="480" height="270" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XuzpsO4ErOQ?fs=1&#038;feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>These go to eleven!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Canada Obscura</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2011/10/canada-obscura/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2011/10/canada-obscura/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2011 20:14:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Halloween]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=3411</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Since Halloween is here, it&#8217;s time to once again face our fears and contemplate our scary neighbor to the north, Canada. In honor of the Halloweenery that has engulfed North America on this festive Day Before the Day of the Dead, we offer a primer on some of the more esoteric Halloween traditions unique to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Since Halloween is here, it&#8217;s time to once again face our fears and contemplate our scary neighbor to the north, Canada. In honor of the Halloweenery that has engulfed North America on this festive Day Before the Day of the Dead, we offer a primer on some of the more <a href="http://www.jackolanterns.net/canadianhalloween.htm">esoteric Halloween traditions</a> unique to the land up north:</p>
<blockquote><p>In Canada people welcome trick-or-treators by placing pumpkins called jack-o&#8217;-lanterns in their windows.<br />
Also in Canada it is bad luck for a black cat to cross your path, enter your home, or even enter your ship.</p>
<p>In Canada people give trick-or-treaters sweets to make sure they are not played a trick on.</p>
<p>Children make Jack-o&#8217;-lanterns for hallowe&#8217;en.</p>
<p>Dressing up as witches, ghosts and beasts for trick-or-treating is done also.</p></blockquote>
<p>I know, I know, it sounds like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabberwocky">Jabberwocky</a> to us readers in the USofA, and seems to make no sense whatsoever. You&#8217;ll just have to trust my sources that in Canada it&#8217;s all perfectly logical.</p>
<p>So, a Happy Halloween to you then, eh?</p>
<p>BONUS MATERIAL: As an extra quasi-holiday featurette, I&#8217;ve created the following poem, &#8220;Canadian Halloween&#8221;, from the 69 words quoted above, put into random order using a random number generator:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong>CANOLA INHALED ANEW</strong><br />
enter witches<br />
they sweets path a In trick-or-treaters trick<br />
as make is people enter make<br />
by your is called Canada</p>
<p>pumpkins people<br />
cat luck and jack-o&#8217;-lanterns black<br />
not home your it done in your for hallowe&#8217;en<br />
Jack-o&#8217;-lanterns Canada<br />
even their for your to Children in played</p>
<p>In Also or on also<br />
placing sure ship up are Dressing welcome<br />
give to a bad beasts<br />
Canada trick-or-treators<br />
ghosts windows cross for</p></blockquote>
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		<item>
		<title>Get ready for an explosion of branded Internets</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2011/06/get-ready-explosion-branded-internets/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2011/06/get-ready-explosion-branded-internets/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2011 16:33:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[domain names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICANN]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=3067</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Whatever you think about the domain name system, it&#8217;s been pretty effective in allowing the World Wide Web to expand so rapidly over the past two decades. And for most companies, &#8220;.com&#8221; has been THE place to park your brand. But that may all change soon. ICANN, The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Whatever you think about the domain name system, it&#8217;s been pretty effective in allowing the World Wide Web to expand so rapidly over the past two decades. And for most companies, &#8220;.com&#8221; has been THE place to park your brand. But that may all change soon.</p>
<p>ICANN, The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, is the non-profit, global coordinator of the Internet&#8217;s naming system. ICANN&#8217;s global Internet regulators met today in Singapore to &#8220;finalize rules for a major expansion of &#8216;generic top-level domains,&#8217; that will clear the way for new offerings like .law, .coke or .nyc. Sites with those endings are expected to start rolling out late next year.&#8221; CNN.com tells the story in <a href="http://money.cnn.com/2011/06/20/technology/dot_brand_domain_name_icann/index.htm?source=cnn_bin&#038;hpt=hp_bn3" target="_blank">Forget .com, here&#8217;s .coke</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Today&#8217;s decision will usher in a new Internet age,&#8221; said Peter Dengate Thrush, chairman of ICANN&#8217;s Board of Directors. &#8220;We have provided a platform for the next generation of creativity and inspiration.&#8221; </p></blockquote>
<p>Now, before you get all excited and start dreaming of registering &#8220;.wordlab&#8221; or &#8220;.snark&#8221; domain names, note the &#8220;gotcha&#8221;:</p>
<blockquote><p>Crawford thinks dot-brand sites will be a hit with major companies. In addition to marketing benefits, they could help on the security front: HSBC, for example, could tell customers that a purported HSBC site isn&#8217;t legitimate unless it ends in .hsbc. And a company like Verizon (VZ, Fortune 500) could market products at cellphones.verizon and store locations at losangeles.verizon.</p>
<p>But these benefits don&#8217;t come cheaply &#8212; or easily. ICANN charges at $185,000 per domain application, which Crawford says typically must include about 150 pages of policy documents.</p>
<p>Technical setup takes another $100,000 or so, he says, and upkeep can cost an additional $100,000 each year.</p></blockquote>
<p>So there you have it &#8212; only &#8220;major companies&#8221; who can afford the cost and regulatory overhead will be able to buy into this, and the result will likely be more brand clutter and confusion, with new domains like .coke, .pepsi, .verizon, .hsbc flooding the Internet with millions more corporate websites. No longer would users just go to coke.com to find out &#8212; wait, why do users go there? &#8212; whatever they need to find out, but potentially there might be thousands of separate .coke sites. Any large company could basically build its own Internet now &#8212; imagine a self-contained, Chromewashed .google empire. And forget about just one &#8220;iCloud&#8221; for Apple &#8212; they could create a mega-cloud of .apple websites.</p>
<p>In addition to companies, non-profits, NGO&#8217;s, citizen groups, artists and any sort of non-corporate entity that can raise the funds could also create its own self-contained micro-Internet. Imagine legions of fans registering .gaga, .bieber, .kanye or .diddy domains for their fanblogs, with all that registration money going directly to the artists instead of GoDaddy. That is, if there&#8217;s anyone left who wants to have their own website, when a Facebook page is probably all they need. We&#8217;ll see.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s enough to make your head spin. And in the not-too-distant future, people will misplace websites and domains the way they misplace car keys. Honey, where did you park my files? Was it at cloud.apple, icloud.apple, app.apple, cloudapp.apple, cumulus-cloud.apple, docs.google, mydocs.google or vault.amazon?</p>
<p>Of course, there will be apps to help you remember where you put your digital life. Oh-yes-there-will-be.apps.</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Celebrating great names: Chardonnay Hooker</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/07/celebrating-great-names-chardonnay-hooker/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/07/celebrating-great-names-chardonnay-hooker/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Jul 2010 17:06:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=2173</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was briefly watching the local news last night, which I rarely do, and I caught a glimpse of this interview during a story about Southern California wildfires: Now that&#8217;s a great name! Like a Bond Girl. And kudos to Chardonnay for not being shy about having it and putting herself out there. And good [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was briefly watching the local news last night, which I rarely do, and I caught a glimpse of this interview during a story about Southern California wildfires:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2174" title="chardonnay-hooker" src="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/chardonnay-hooker.jpg" alt="Chardonnay Hooker" width="550" height="411" /></p>
<p>Now <em>that&#8217;s</em> a great name! Like a <a href="http://www.bondmovies.com/girls.shtml">Bond Girl</a>. And kudos to Chardonnay for not being shy about having it and putting herself out there. And good luck battling those wildfires!</p>
<p>For the rest of us who aren&#8217;t so lucky namewise, here is a <a href="http://www2.fanscape.com/bond/bondgirlname/">Bond Girl name generator</a> to help spice up our personal nomenclature. My Bond Girl names are Tawnie Small and Yoko Dos, both of which I quite like.</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Welcome to Spyburbia, USA</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/06/welcome-to-spyburbia-usa/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/06/welcome-to-spyburbia-usa/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 21:59:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Slang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charles Bronson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Robert Frost]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Soviet Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spyburbia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suburbia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Telefon]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=2169</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;They couldn’t have been spies&#8230;Look what she did with the hydrangeas. Spyburbia, baby &#8212; you heard it here first! How do you fool so many in suburbia for so long? &#8220;She said they were from Canada.&#8221; Yes Virginia, there really are spies everywhere, even in your neighborhood. Especially in your neighborhood, most likely. And if [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/telefon.jpg"><img class="alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-2171" title="telefon" src="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/telefon-sm.jpg" alt="Telefon" width="200" height="272" /></a>&#8220;They couldn’t have been spies&#8230;Look what she did with the hydrangeas.</p>
<p><em><strong>Spyburbia</strong></em>, baby &#8212; you heard it here first!</p>
<p>How do you fool so many in suburbia for so long? &#8220;She said they were from Canada.&#8221;</p>
<p>Yes Virginia, there really are spies everywhere, even in your neighborhood. <em>Especially</em> in your neighborhood, most likely. And if they say they&#8217;re from a mysterious blank spot on the globe called &#8220;Canada&#8221;, call the FBI immediately. [<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/29/world/europe/29spy.html?hp">In Ordinary Lives, U.S. Sees the Work of Russian Agents</a>]</p>
<p>Anyone remember that &#8217;70s Charles Bronson B-movie classic, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon">Telefon</a>? As Wikipedia reminds us,</p>
<blockquote><p>During the Cold War of the 1950s, the Soviet Union planted a number of long-term, deep-cover sleeper agents all over the United States, spies so thoroughly brainwashed that even they didn&#8217;t know they were agents; they could only be activated by a special code phrase (a line from Robert Frost&#8217;s poem &#8220;Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening&#8221; followed by their real given names). Their mission was to sabotage crucial parts of the civil and military infrastructure as a precursor to a possible US/USSR active conflict or war.</p></blockquote>
<p>I think ol&#8217; Bob Frost was probably one of those secret agents as well. Just look at this video &#8212; something just doesn&#8217;t look quite right:</p>
<p><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="560" height="340" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/UgiZJO2ZqKo&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="340" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/UgiZJO2ZqKo&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Happy Bloomsday 2010</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/06/happy-bloomsday-2010/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/06/happy-bloomsday-2010/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jun 2010 19:23:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Literature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bloomsday]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[James Joyce]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ulysses]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=2157</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Happy Bloomsday, everybody. These two images nicely bookend the history of James Joyce&#8217;s great Ulysses from original manuscript to a womanuscript of Molly Bloom&#8217;s climax. Yes! [Images via The Guardian and George Szirtes]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_2158" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 410px"><img class="size-full wp-image-2158" title="ulysses-manuscript-tattoo" src="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/ulysses-manuscript-tattoo.jpg" alt="Ulysses manuscript and Molly Bloom tattoo" width="400" height="529" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Joyce&#39;s Ulysses in manuscript and &quot;womanuscript&quot;</p></div>
<p>Happy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsday">Bloomsday</a>, everybody. These two images nicely bookend the history of James Joyce&#8217;s great <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_%28novel%29">Ulysses</a> from original manuscript to a <em>womanuscript</em> of Molly Bloom&#8217;s climax. Yes!</p>
<p>[Images via <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2009/dec/17/second-thought-rewriting-al-kennedy">The Guardian</a> and <a href="http://georgeszirtes.blogspot.com/2010/04/to-london-and-out-tonight.html">George Szirtes</a>]</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Great Recession stages of grief in songs of &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/04/great-recession-stages-of-grief-in-songs-of-cant/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/04/great-recession-stages-of-grief-in-songs-of-cant/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2010 22:52:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acceptance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[addiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anger]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bargaining]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beatles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bernie Madoff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[denial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disbelief]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Great Recession]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grief]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[shock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[songs]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=1882</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Great Recession of 2008-09 has so scarred us all, it seems fitting to process it culturally through the Stages of Grief. Inspired by this Wordlab Forum punnery that moved me from &#8220;quant&#8221; to &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221;, I started thinking of songs whose titles include the word &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221;, as in Can&#8217;t Buy Me Love, in terms of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Great Recession of 2008-09 has so scarred us all, it seems fitting to process it culturally through the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCbler-Ross_model">Stages of Grief</a>. Inspired by <a href="http://www.wordlab.com/groups/company-names/forum/topic/company-name-for-trading-firm/#post-1069">this Wordlab Forum punnery</a> that moved me from &#8220;quant&#8221; to &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221;, I started thinking of songs whose titles include the word &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221;, as in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t_buy_me_love">Can&#8217;t Buy Me  Love</a>, in terms of finance and the recent economic meltdown.</p>
<p>So to make all this <a href="http://www.onelook.com/?w=cant&amp;ls=a">cant</a> even campier,  let&#8217;s process our collective trauma over the Great Recession through the Sages of Grief in songs of &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221;, leading off with an extra stage that sets-up our cultural addiction to the dream of spectacular profits:</p>
<p><strong>1. Addiction &#8212; Show me the money!</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>You Can&#8217;t Resist It<br />
Money Can&#8217;t Buy It<br />
I Can&#8217;t Wait<br />
I Can&#8217;t Decide<br />
Can&#8217;t Say No<br />
Can&#8217;t Stay Away<br />
Can&#8217;t Take My Eyes Off You<br />
Can&#8217;t Fight This Feeling<br />
Can&#8217;t Slow Down<br />
Just Can&#8217;t Get Enough<br />
I Can&#8217;t Help Myself<br />
I Can&#8217;t Quit You Baby<br />
Can&#8217;t Live Without You<br />
I Just Can&#8217;t Help Believing<br />
I Just Can&#8217;t Wait to Be King</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>2. Shock and disbelief &#8212; Housing prices can&#8217;t go <em>down</em>!</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>I Can&#8217;t Be Bothered<br />
Can&#8217;t Believe It<br />
Can&#8217;t Take It In<br />
Can&#8217;t Happen Here<br />
I Can&#8217;t Tell You Why<br />
I Can&#8217;t Explain</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>3. Denial &#8212; It&#8217;s just a blip on the way to greater market value.</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>It Can&#8217;t Rain All the Time<br />
Can&#8217;t Stop Me<br />
Can&#8217;t Tell Me Nothing<br />
You Can&#8217;t Take Me<br />
Can&#8217;t Stop, Won&#8217;t Stop<br />
Rudie Can&#8217;t Fail<br />
I Can&#8217;t Go For That<br />
Can&#8217;t Give Up Now<br />
You Can&#8217;t Catch Me<br />
You Can&#8217;t Bring Me Down<br />
They Can&#8217;t Take That Away From Me</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>4. Anger &#8212; Bernie Madoff did what with my pension?!!!</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>I Can&#8217;t Stand the Rain<br />
Can&#8217;t Stand You<br />
U Can&#8217;t Touch This<br />
(I Can&#8217;t Get No) Satisfaction<br />
I Can&#8217;t Outrun You<br />
You Can&#8217;t Win<br />
Can&#8217;t Stand It<br />
I Can&#8217;t Stand It No More</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>5. Bargaining &#8212; Mr. Banker, will you renegotiate my mortgage?</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>Why Can&#8217;t You See<br />
I Can&#8217;t Do It Alone<br />
Why Can&#8217;t I?</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>6. Depression &#8212; We&#8217;re fucked, and soon we&#8217;ll be living in mud huts again.</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>Can&#8217;t Get You out of My Head<br />
Can&#8217;t Keep It In<br />
Can&#8217;t Stand Losing You<br />
Can&#8217;t Get Over You<br />
Can&#8217;t Cry Anymore<br />
Can&#8217;t Go Back<br />
Can&#8217;t Go On<br />
Can&#8217;t Get There From Here<br />
Can&#8217;t Let Go<br />
Can&#8217;t Shake It<br />
Can&#8217;t Find the Words<br />
Can&#8217;t Get It Out of My Head<br />
Can&#8217;t Sleep At Night<br />
Can&#8217;t Finish What You Started<br />
Can&#8217;t Get Out of What I&#8217;m Into<br />
I Can&#8217;t Do This<br />
Can&#8217;t Stop This Thing We Started<br />
Can&#8217;t Stop This<br />
Can&#8217;t Go Back Now<br />
Can&#8217;t Stop the World<br />
Can&#8217;t Let Go<br />
Can&#8217;t Get Away<br />
A Fire I Can&#8217;t Put Out</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>7. Acceptance &#8212; I don&#8217;t really even need a house, now that I have an iPad!</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>This Can&#8217;t Be Healthy<br />
Can&#8217;t Deny It<br />
I Can&#8217;t Deny<br />
Can&#8217;t Have It All<br />
You Can&#8217;t Always Get What You Want<br />
You Can&#8217;t Turn the Tide<br />
You Can&#8217;t Stop the Rain<br />
We Can&#8217;t Help You<br />
Can&#8217;t Be A Cowboy Forever</p></blockquote>
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		<title>Library of Congress acquires entire Twitter archive</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/04/library-of-congress-acquires-entire-twitter-archive/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2010/04/library-of-congress-acquires-entire-twitter-archive/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 19:13:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Library of Congress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tweet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Twitter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=1870</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Yep, it&#8217;s true. See if you can wrap your head around this. The great institution of All Things Worth Saving will now be saving for all eternity the archive of All Things Not Meant To Be Saved: How Tweet It Is!: Library Acquires Entire Twitter Archive. Says the LOC: Have you ever sent out a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yep, it&#8217;s true. See if you can wrap your head around this. The great institution of All Things Worth Saving will now be saving for all eternity the archive of All Things Not Meant To Be Saved: <a href="http://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2010/04/how-tweet-it-is-library-acquires-entire-twitter-archive/">How Tweet It Is!: Library Acquires Entire Twitter Archive</a>. Says the LOC:</p>
<blockquote><p>Have you ever sent out a &#8220;tweet&#8221; on the popular Twitter social media service?  Congratulations: Your 140 characters or less will now be housed in the Library of Congress.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s right.  Every public tweet, ever, since Twitter&#8217;s inception in March 2006, will be archived digitally at the Library of Congress. That&#8217;s a LOT of tweets, by the way: Twitter processes more than 50 million tweets every day, with the total numbering in the billions.</p></blockquote>
<p>They go on to list some noteworthy tweets that may be worth remembering in ten thousand years and beyond:</p>
<blockquote><p>Just a few examples of important tweets in the past few years include the first-ever tweet from Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey (<a href="http://twitter.com/jack/status/20">http://twitter.com/jack/status/20</a>), President Obama’s tweet about winning the 2008 election (<a href="http://twitter.com/barackobama/status/992176676">http://twitter.com/barackobama/status/992176676</a>), and a set of two tweets from a photojournalist who was arrested in Egypt and then freed because of a series of events set into motion by his use of Twitter (<a href="http://twitter.com/barackobama/status/992176676">http://twitter.com/jamesbuck/status/786571964</a>) and (<a href="http://twitter.com/barackobama/status/992176676">http://twitter.com/jamesbuck/status/787167620</a>).</p></blockquote>
<p>At the current rate of 50 million tweets per day, that&#8217;s 18,250,000,000 tweets per year, or 3,832,500,000,000 tweets every 210 years, the amount of time since the Library of Congress was founded in 1800. Of course, once everybody on the planet is tweeting hundreds of times per day, along with their household pets, appliances, and spambots, there could be 50 <em>billion</em> tweets per day. So attention LOC librarians: time to sharpen those pencils and roll up your sleeves &#8212; you&#8217;re about to get real busy chasing stray tweets.</p>
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		<title>Mucking About on National Inventors&#8217; Day</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2009/02/mucking-about-on-national-inventors-day/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2009/02/mucking-about-on-national-inventors-day/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2009 19:54:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[company names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Electric]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inventors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Menlo Park]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[muckers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New Jersy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Thomas Edison]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.snarkhunting.com/?p=926</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[February 11th is National Inventors&#8217; Day, this year marking the 162nd anniversary of the birth of Thomas Alva Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park. Already by the time he moved to Menlo Park in 1876, Thomas Edison had gathered many of the men who would work with him for the rest of their lives. By [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>February 11th is <a href="http://www.securinginnovation.com/2009/02/articles/patents/thomas-edison-and-national-inventors-day/">National Inventors&#8217; Day</a>, this year marking the 162nd anniversary of the birth of Thomas Alva Edison, the <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Wizard-Menlo-Park-Thomas-Invented/dp/1400047633">Wizard of Menlo Park</a>.</p>
<blockquote><p>Already by the time he moved to Menlo Park in 1876, Thomas Edison had gathered many of the men who would work with him for the rest of their lives. By the time Edison built his West Orange lab complex, men came from all over the US and Europe to work with the famous inventor. Often these young &#8220;<a href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bledisonmuckers.htm">muckers</a>,&#8221; as Edison called them, were fresh out of college or technical training.</p>
<p>Unlike most inventors, Edison depended upon dozens of &#8220;muckers&#8221; to build and test his ideas. In return, they received &#8220;only workmen&#8217;s wages.&#8221; However, the inventor said, it was &#8220;not the money they want, but the chance for their ambition to work.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison">Wikipedia page for Thomas Edison</a> notes several places and companies bearing Edison&#8217;s name:</p>
<ul>
<li>Edison General Electric, merged with <a title="Thomson-Houston Electric Company" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson-Houston_Electric_Company">Thomson-Houston Electric Company</a> to form <a title="General Electric" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric">General Electric</a></li>
<li><a title="Commonwealth Edison" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Edison">Commonwealth Edison</a>, now part of <a title="Exelon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exelon">Exelon</a></li>
<li><a title="Consolidated Edison" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Edison">Consolidated Edison</a></li>
<li><a title="Edison International" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_International">Edison International</a>
<ul>
<li><a title="Southern California Edison" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California_Edison">Southern California Edison</a></li>
<li><a title="Edison Mission Energy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Mission_Energy">Edison Mission Energy</a></li>
<li><a class="new" title="Edison Capital (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edison_Capital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Edison Capital</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a title="Detroit Edison" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Edison">Detroit Edison</a>, a unit of <a title="DTE Energy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTE_Energy">DTE Energy</a></li>
<li>Edison Sault Electric Company, a unit of <a title="Wisconsin Energy Corporation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Energy_Corporation">Wisconsin Energy Corporation</a></li>
<li><a title="FirstEnergy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FirstEnergy">FirstEnergy</a>
<ul>
<li>Metropolitan Edison</li>
<li>Ohio Edison</li>
<li>Toledo Edison</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a title="Edison S.p.A." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_S.p.A.">Edison S.p.A.</a>, a unit of <a class="new" title="Italenergia (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italenergia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Italenergia</a></li>
<li><a title="Boston Edison" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Edison">Boston Edison</a>, a unit of <a title="NSTAR" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSTAR">NSTAR</a>, formerly known as the Edison Electric Illuminating Company</li>
<li><a title="WEEI" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEEI">WEEI</a> radio station in Boston, established by the Edison Electric Illuminating Company (hence the call letters)</li>
</ul>
<p>Though branding is now second-nature for famous people (and their handlers), Randall E. Stross author of <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Wizard-Menlo-Park-Thomas-Invented/dp/1400047633">The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented the Modern World</a> asserts that Edison launched the first successful branding campaign-an achievement arguably further ahead of its time than much of his technical output-by embracing the title &#8220;Wizard of Menlo Park,&#8221; which was coined by a reporter during Edison&#8217;s brief stay in that New Jersey town.</p>
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		<title>Bush Street Renamed Obama Street in San Francisco</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2009/01/bush-street-renamed-obama-street-in-san-francisco/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2009/01/bush-street-renamed-obama-street-in-san-francisco/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 2009 20:29:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[San Francisco]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.snarkhunting.com/?p=918</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Timed with today’s inauguration, Bush Street signs in San Francisco were changed to Obama down the entire length of Bush Street from Presidio to Battery. Photo gallery and story at Laughing Squid.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Timed with today’s inauguration, Bush Street signs in San Francisco were changed to Obama down the entire length of Bush Street from Presidio to Battery. Photo gallery and story at <a href="http://laughingsquid.com/bush-street-renamed-obama-street-in-san-francisco/">Laughing Squid</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>The history of Ponzi and his infamous scheme</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2008/12/the-history-of-ponzi-and-his-infamous-scheme/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2008/12/the-history-of-ponzi-and-his-infamous-scheme/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 21:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Etymology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ponzi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://devtest.zinzin.com/2008/12/the-history-of-ponzi-and-his-infamous-scheme/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[With the arrest last week of Bernard L. Madoff for what amounts to a $50 billion Ponzi scheme, Mental Floss asks the obvious question: just who is this Ponzi, and what exactly was his scheme? His name was Charles Ponzi, pictured at right, and Mental Floss notes, Anyone can work a simple swindle, but you [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.wordlab.com/uploaded_images/charles-ponzi-life-746537.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 311px;" src="http://www.wordlab.com/uploaded_images/charles-ponzi-life-746534.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a> With the arrest last week of Bernard L. Madoff for what amounts to a $50 billion Ponzi scheme, Mental Floss asks the obvious question: <a href="http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/20995">just who is this Ponzi, and what exactly was his scheme</a>?</p>
<p>His name was Charles Ponzi, pictured at right, and Mental Floss notes,</p>
<blockquote><p>Anyone can work a simple swindle, but you have to be a special kind of con man to have your name become synonymous with &#8220;fraud.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Read the article, it&#8217;s a great story. At one point near the end, when his great con was unraveling, Ponzi hired a PR flak named William McMasters,</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8230;but the PR man saw through Ponzi&#8217;s lies and renounced his client in the press. James Walsh reprints part of McMasters&#8217; slam of Ponzi in his book, <span style="font-style: italic;">You Can&#8217;t Cheat An Honest Man</span>. Of Ponzi, McMasters said, &#8220;The man is a financial idiot. He can hardly add&#8230;He sits with his feet on the desk smoking expensive cigars in a diamond holder and talking complete gibberish about postal coupons.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Certainly an apt symbol of our own troubled, fraudulent times.</p>
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		<title>What is Spotted Dick?</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2007/10/what-is-spotted-dick/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2007/10/what-is-spotted-dick/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Oct 2007 21:34:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[food branding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harry Potter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[product names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spotted Dick]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toronto]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.snarkhunting.com/2007/10/what-is-spotted-dick/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Harry Potter Goblet of Fire, Ronald Weasley tempts Hermoine with his Spotted Dick. &#8216;Treacle tart, Hermione!&#8217; said Ron, deliberately wafting its smell toward her. &#8216;Spotted dick, look! Chocolate gateau!&#8217; Strangely enough, Spotted Dick isn&#8217;t yet mentioned in the extensive list of misleading food names, although it has its own entry, on Wikipedia. Here&#8217;s an [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In <a href="http://www.ronandhermione.net/Goblet_of_Fire_Book">Harry Potter Goblet of Fire</a>, Ronald Weasley tempts Hermoine with his Spotted Dick. &#8216;Treacle tart, Hermione!&#8217; said Ron, deliberately wafting its smell toward her. &#8216;Spotted dick, look! Chocolate gateau!&#8217;</p>
<p>Strangely enough, Spotted Dick isn&#8217;t yet mentioned in the extensive list of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_misleading_food_names">misleading food names</a>, although it has its own entry, on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Dick">Wikipedia</a>.</p>
<p><img src="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/Spotted-Dick.jpg" alt="Spotted Dick" title="Spotted-Dick" width="475" height="356" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3023" /></p>
<p>Here&#8217;s <a href="http://www.janeausten.co.uk/magazine/page.ihtml?pid=337&amp;step=4">an interesting little article</a> on the name, and a <a href="http://www.hub-uk.com/family03/family0117.htm">recipe</a> in case you&#8217;d like to eat Spotted Dick in the privacy of your own home:</p>
<blockquote><p>Spotted Dick, ever a favorite pudding through the years, has as much a spotted history as complexion. As for the name, it&#8217;s a case of the chicken and the egg. Known to have been served in Britain for over 200 years, this sweet cakey, currenty treat was a favorite of Captin Jack Aubrey, hero of the Patrick O&#8217;Brien novels. Legends trace it back to England, and even Ireland (where it is called Sweet Cake, Curnie Cake or Railway Cake). As old as Christmas Pudding, itself, one has to wonder, where did the name come from?</p>
<p>Is it, as someone has suggested, a derivation of Spotted Pudding? That theory holds that &#8220;Pudding&#8221; was shortened to &#8220;Puddink&#8221;, from there to &#8220;Puddick&#8221; and then just &#8220;Dick.&#8221; Other histories call it Spotted Dog, and while this may be editing on behalf of good taste, it makes sense.</p></blockquote>
<p>Never had it myself, but there&#8217;s an authentic English pub in Toronto named <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/cpstorm/105039995/in/set-72057594071084574/">The Spotted Dick</a> and <a href="http://www.we8there.com/rest_detail.php?busid=6732">we ate there</a>!</p>
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		<item>
		<title>In God We Trust</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2007/07/in-god-we-trust/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2007/07/in-god-we-trust/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 2007 05:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[motto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tagline]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theodore Roosevelt]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://devtest.zinzin.com/2007/07/in-god-we-trust/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[On July 30, 1956, the President approved a joint resolution of Congress declaring In God We Trust the national motto of the United States. The words had been used on some American coins before that date but not on all currency, and not without objection. According to a Wikipedia article, Theodore Roosevelt strongly disapproved of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On July 30, 1956, the President approved a joint resolution of Congress declaring In God We Trust the national motto of the United States. The words had been used on some American coins before that date but not on all currency, and not without objection. According to a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_God_We_Trust">Wikipedia</a> article, Theodore Roosevelt strongly disapproved of the idea of evoking God within the context of a &#8220;cheap&#8221; political motto. In a letter to William Boldly on November 11, 1907, President Roosevelt wrote: &#8220;My own feeling in the matter is due to my very firm conviction that to put such a motto on coins, or to use it in any kindred manner, not only does no good but does positive harm, and is in effect irreverence, which comes dangerously close to sacrilege &#8230; it seems to me eminently unwise to cheapen such a motto by use on coins, just as it would be to cheapen it by use on postage stamps, or in advertisements.&#8221;</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Da Curse of the Billy Goat</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2007/05/da-curse-of-the-billy-goat/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2007/05/da-curse-of-the-billy-goat/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 May 2007 06:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IP Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Billy Goat Tavern]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lawyers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[restaurant names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trademarks]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://devtest.zinzin.com/2007/05/da-curse-of-the-billy-goat/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The original Billy Goat Tavern location was &#8220;born&#8221; in 1934 when Greek immigrant, William &#8220;Billy Goat&#8221; Sianis, purchased the Lincoln Tavern. Billy Goat bought the tavern for $205, with a check that bounced but was later repaid with sales from the first weekend. The tavern was located across from the Chicago Stadium (now United Center) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The original <a href="http://www.billygoattavern.com/history.html">Billy Goat Tavern</a> location was &#8220;born&#8221; in 1934 when Greek immigrant, William &#8220;Billy Goat&#8221; Sianis, purchased the Lincoln Tavern. Billy Goat bought the tavern for $205, with a check that bounced but was later repaid with sales from the first weekend. The tavern was located across from the Chicago Stadium (now United Center) and attracted mainly sports fans. Sianis became known as &#8220;Billy Goat,&#8221; when a goat fell off a passing truck and wandered inside. Sianis adopted the goat, grew a goatee, acquired the nickname &#8220;Billy Goat,&#8221; and changed the name of the bar to the Billy Goat Tavern.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.wordlab.com/uploaded_images/BillyGoatTavernBloggers-774270.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float: center; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; cursor: hand;" src="http://www.wordlab.com/uploaded_images/BillyGoatTavernBloggers-774267.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a></p>
<p>Infamously associated with <a href="http://www.dacurse.com/bgcchapter1p1-6-revised3.13.04.pdf">da curse of the Billy Goat</a>, the Billy Goat Tavern is famous now for bringing together some of the biggest names in the trademark lawyer game. Above are <a href="http://www.likelihoodofconfusion.com">Ron Coleman</a>, <a href="http://www.schwimmerlegal.com">Marty Schwimmer</a> and <a href="http://thettablog.blogspot.com/">John Welch</a>, who got together for a meetup with other trademark law bloggers this week in Chicago. Go Cubs!</p>
<p>Update: John Welch, who grew up in Chicago and is a died-in-the-wool White Sox fan, let us know through Marty Schwimmer that our apparent support for the Cubs really got his goat. <img src='http://www.wordlab.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<item>
		<title>Top Secret Military Operations Named</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2006/06/top-secret-military-operations-named/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2006/06/top-secret-military-operations-named/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Jun 2006 18:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[codenames]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://devtest.zinzin.com/2006/06/top-secret-military-operations-named/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The New York Times has been accused of leaking top secret sources and methods in the GWOT. It has long been suspected that the Pentagon taps into Wordlab to find good names for military operations. Some of the potential names for military ops may have been compromised when they were posted on the Internet here. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The New York Times has been accused of leaking top secret sources and methods in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_Terror">GWOT</a>.</p>
<p>It has long been suspected that the Pentagon taps into Wordlab to find good names for military operations. Some of the potential names for military ops may have been compromised when they were posted on the Internet <a href="http://www.wordlab.com/archives/military-operations-names-list/">here</a>.</p>
<p>Others claim that names for military operations are developed by language machines, like the <a href="http://www.ftrain.com/cgi-bin/l_operation.cgi?num_ops=10">American Military Operation Name Generating Device</a> or the <a href="http://ubique.ch/codename/">Military Codename Generator</a>.</p>
<p>The best names, however, like <a href="http://www.wonkette.com/politics/dirty-jokes/coalition-forces-launch-naughtiest-offensive-yet-in-afghanistan-181002.php">Operation Mountain Thrust</a>, can only be conceived by the human mind, and are kept top secret until the operations are underway and it is safe to issue a <a href="http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Jun2006/20060616_5442.html">press release</a>.</p>
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		<title>Coca-Cola Slogans, Taglines, and Jingles</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2005/12/coca-cola-slogans-taglines-and-jingles/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2005/12/coca-cola-slogans-taglines-and-jingles/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2005 02:11:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Branding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[advertising]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coca-Cola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jingles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[slogans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[taglines]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=3041</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Coca-Cola&#8217;s new slogan, &#8220;Welcome to the Coke Side of Life,&#8221; is an attempt to make the drink more relevant to customers. Mary Minnick, Coke’s head of marketing, says, &#8220;We believe there are times or a moment in the day when only a Coke will do, and that is the framework for our advertising.&#8221; Not the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Coca-Cola&#8217;s new slogan, &#8220;<a href="http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7001380689">Welcome to the Coke Side of Life</a>,&#8221; is an attempt to make the drink more relevant to customers. Mary Minnick, Coke’s head of marketing, says, &#8220;We believe there are times or a moment in the day when only a Coke will do, and that is the framework for our advertising.&#8221; Not the greatest Coca-Cola slogan of all time, is it?</p>
<p>1886—Drink Coca-Cola<br />
1893—The Ideal Brain Tonic<br />
1904—Delicious and Refreshing<br />
1905—Coca-Cola Revives and Sustains<br />
1906—The Drink of Quality<br />
1907—Cooling&#8230;.Refreshing&#8230;Delicious<br />
1908—Good To The Last Drop<br />
1909—Drink Delicious Coca-Cola<br />
1917—Three Million A Day<br />
1922—Thirst Knows No Season<br />
1924—Pause and Refresh Yourself<br />
1927—Around the Corner From Anywhere<br />
1929—The Pause That Refreshes<br />
1930—Meet Me At The Soda Fountain<br />
1932—Ice Cold Sunshine<br />
1934—When It&#8217;s Hard To Get Started, Start With Coca-Cola<br />
1935—All Trails Lead To Coca-Cola<br />
1936—It&#8217;s The Refreshing Thing To Do<br />
1938—The Best Friend Thirst Ever Had<br />
1939—Whoever You Are, Whatever You Do, Wherever You May Be, When You Think of Refreshment Think of  Ice Cold Coca-Cola<br />
1939—Thirst Stops Here; Makes Travel More Pleasant<br />
1939—Coca-Cola Goes Along<br />
1941—Work Refreshed<br />
1943—A Taste All It&#8217;s Own<br />
1944—High Sign of  Friendship<br />
1945—Coke Means Coca-Cola<br />
1946—Yes<br />
1947—Relax With The Pause That Refreshes<br />
1948—Where There&#8217;s Coke There&#8217;s Hospitality<br />
1948—It&#8217;s The Real Thing! (First time this slogan was used.)<br />
1950—Time Out For Coke<br />
1950—Help Yourself to Refreshment<br />
1951—Good Food And Coca-Cola Just Naturally Go Together<br />
1952—Coke Follows Thirst Everywhere<br />
1952—What You Want Is A Coke<br />
1954—For People On The Go<br />
1955—Americans Prefer Taste&#8221;<br />
1956—Coca-Cola &#8211; Makes Good Things Taste Better<br />
1957—Sign Of Good Taste<br />
1957—There&#8217;s Nothing Like A Coke<br />
1958—The Cold, Crisp Taste of Coke<br />
1959—Be Really Refreshed<br />
1962—Enjoy That Refreshing New Feeling<br />
1963—Things Go Better With Coke<br />
1970—It&#8217;s The Real Thing<br />
1971—I&#8217;d Like To Buy The World A Coke<br />
1975—Look Up America<br />
1976—Coke Adds Life&#8221;<br />
1979—Have a Coke and a Smile<br />
1982—Coke Is It!<br />
1985—We&#8217;ve Got A Taste For You<br />
1986—Catch The Wave &#8211; Red White &amp; You<br />
1989—Can&#8217;t Beat The Feeling<br />
1990—Can&#8217;t Beat The Real Thing<br />
1993—Always Coca-Cola<br />
1993—Taste It All<br />
2000—Coca-Cola Enjoy<br />
2001—Life Tastes Good<br />
2002—All the world loves a Coke</p>
<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s the Real Thing&#8221; and &#8220;I&#8217;d like to buy the world a Coke&#8221; are two of the most memorable slogans that have helped to define the Coca-Cola brand.</p>
<p>&#8220;True Love and Apple Pie&#8221; was the title of the <a href="http://www.richieunterberger.com/newseekers.html">original version</a> of the song released on the New Seekers album We&#8217;d Like To Teach The World To Sing after the commercial success of the advertising version, &#8220;I&#8217;d Like To Teach The World To Sing.&#8221; The song was made famous in 1971 by the outstanding <a href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colaadv.html">Hilltop</a> ad campaign for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> in which children from around the world, dressed in ethnic costumes on a hilltop in Italy, sang:</p>
<blockquote><p>I&#8217;d like to buy the world a home and furnish it with love,</p>
<p>Grow apple trees and honey bees, and snow white turtle doves.</p>
<p>I&#8217;d like to teach the world to sing in perfect harmony,</p>
<p>I&#8217;d like to buy the world a Coke and keep it company.</p></blockquote>
<p>The Hilltop ad campaign is regarded as one of the greatest television advertisements of all time, and is one of the highlights of the <a href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colahome.html">50 Years of Coca-Cola&#8217;s Television Advertisements</a> recorded by the Library of Congress.</p>
<p>Earlier this year, Coca-Cola reprised the &#8220;Hilltop&#8221; theme with a <a href="http://www.igorinternational.com/blog/2005/07/chilltop-reprises-original-coke-hilltop-ad/">controversial ad campaign</a> code-named &#8220;Chlltop&#8221; for the introduction of a new diet soda named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zero">Coca-Cola Zero</a>. The introduction of the new slogan this week coincides with the announcement of a new Coca-Cola drink combining regular Coke and coffee, named <a href="http://www.wordlab.com/2005/12/blak-is-new-coke.cfm">Coca-Cola Blak</a>.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s also a short chronicle of the first century in Coca-Cola’s creative history at <a href="http://www.allaboutbranding.com/index.lasso?article=111">allaboutbranding</a> that&#8217;s a good overview. And, Snopes has lots of <a href="http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/">Cokelore</a>, aptly described as &#8220;a collection of Coke trivia and tall tales sure to refresh even the most informationally-parched reader.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Meaning and origin of the Foo Fighters band name</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2005/06/meaning-origin-foo-fighters-band-name/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2005/06/meaning-origin-foo-fighters-band-name/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Jun 2005 07:07:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[band names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foo Fighters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[name origins]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=3229</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Many of you techno geeks know all about &#8220;foo&#8221;, or think you do, when &#8220;used very generally as a sample name for absolutely anything, esp. programs and files (esp. scratch files)&#8221;, to quote the &#60;a href=&#8221;http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/F/foo.html&#8221;&#62;Jargon File&#60;/a&#62;. But what about the Foo Fighters? Dave Grohl, formally a drummer with the likes of Freak Baby, Mission [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Many of you techno geeks know all about &#8220;foo&#8221;, or think you do, when &#8220;used very generally as a sample name for absolutely anything, esp. programs and files (esp. scratch files)&#8221;, to quote the &lt;a href=&#8221;http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/F/foo.html&#8221;&gt;Jargon File&lt;/a&gt;. But what about the Foo Fighters?</p>
<p>Dave Grohl, formally a drummer with the likes of Freak Baby, Mission Impossible, Fast, Dain Bramage, Scream and a little-known band called Nirvana, now fronts Foo Fighters. But what&#8217;s with the name?  The Jargon File entry continues:</p>
<p>&lt;blockquote&gt;<br />
One place &#8220;foo&#8221; is known to have remained live is in the U.S. military during the WWII years. In 1944-45, the term &#8216;foo fighters&#8217; was in use by radar operators for the kind of mysterious or spurious trace that would later be called a UFO (the older term resurfaced in popular American usage in 1995 via the name of one of the better grunge-rock bands). Because informants connected the term directly to the Smokey Stover strip, the folk etymology that connects it to French &#8220;feu&#8221; (fire) can be gently dismissed.<br />
&lt;/blockquote&gt;</p>
<p>For more on Foo and the Smokey Stover comic strip &lt;a href=&#8221;http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/F/foo.html&#8221;&gt;go here&lt;/a&gt;. If this post has whet your curiosity and you&#8217;d like to know the origins and meanings behind other band names like Goo Goo Dolls and Pearl Jam, these are sticky questions and you&#8217;re on your own. This is a family program and we mean to keep our PG rating. Sort of.</p>
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		<title>Seven Deadly Sins</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2005/04/seven-deadly-sins/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2005/04/seven-deadly-sins/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 2005 16:15:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Latin names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vatican]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wordlab.com/?p=3070</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Superbia, Invidia, Ira, Accidia, Avaritia, Gula and Luxuria might be company and product names from the lexicon of some naming and branding specialist in the Vatican. But no, these are the Latin names of the seven deadly sins of Pride, Envy, Wrath, Sloth, Avarice, Gluttony and Lust. The first letters of these words form the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Superbia, Invidia, Ira, Accidia, Avaritia, Gula and Luxuria might be company and product names from the lexicon of some naming and branding specialist in the <a href="http://www.vatican.va">Vatican</a>.</p>
<p>But no, these are the Latin names of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins">seven deadly sins</a> of Pride, Envy, Wrath, Sloth, Avarice, Gluttony and Lust. The first letters of these words form the medieval Latin word <a href="http://www.saligia.com"><em>saligia</em></a>, from which the verb <em>saligiare</em> (to commit a deadly sin) is taken.</p>
<p>These are sometimes called capital sins, or cardinal sins. But a cardinal sin is not to be confused with a mortal sin, or with Cardinal Sin, as in <a href="http://news.inq7.net/top/index.php?index=1&#038;story_id=32647">Cardinal Sin to miss papal elections</a>.</p>
<p>We also learned that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Cardinal_Sin">Cardinal Sin</a> was considered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papabile"><em>papabile</em></a>.</p>
<blockquote><p>Papabile (plural: Papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe cardinals of whom it is thought likely or possible that they will be elected pope. A convenient English translation would be &#8220;popeable&#8221;, &#8220;one worthy of the position of pope&#8221; or &#8220;possible (or likely) successor to the pope&#8221;.</p></blockquote>
<p>Cardinal Sin could have chosen the name Pope Saligia, if elected.</p>
<p>Oh, by the way, I&#8217;m &#8220;guest blogging&#8221; over with the lawyers again today if you want to read a serious post about <a href="http://www.legalunderground.com/2005/04/by_abnu_a_forme.html">Cardinal Law and the Benefit of Clergy</a>.</p>
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		<title>James Bond character names</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2003/06/because-why-james-bond-character-names/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2003/06/because-why-james-bond-character-names/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jun 2003 13:17:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>abnu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[character names]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[James Bond]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.snarkhunting.com/2003/06/james-bond-character-names/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[James Bond is perhaps the most recognized fictional character name of the last fifty years. But where did Ian Fleming get the inspiration for a name that would come to embody the ultimate suave connoisseur of female favors? As explained by the Cumberland Bird Observers' Club:


James Bond was an American Ornithologist (someone who studies birds) [...] ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignright" src="http://www.snarkhunting.com/images/bondgun.jpg" alt="Bond gun" />James Bond is perhaps the most recognized fictional character name of the last fifty years. But where did Ian Fleming get the inspiration for a name that would come to embody the ultimate suave connoisseur of female favors? As explained by the <a href="http://www.cboc.org.au/jamesbond.html">Cumberland Bird Observers’ Club</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>James Bond was an American Ornithologist (someone who studies birds) who wrote the classic field identification book “The Birds of the West Indies”. When Ian Fleming wrote “Casino Royale” in 1952 at his home in Jamaica he needed a name for his fictitious spy and, seeing Bond’s book in his library, decided to “borrow” the author’s name.</p>
<p>“I was determined that my secret agent should be as anonymous a personality as possible,” said Fleming. “It struck me that his [Bond’s] name, brief, unromantic and yet very masculine, was just what I needed.”</p>
<p>Bond’s book is still in print and, despite being originally written in 1936, is still the only definitive bird identification book covering all the birds of the West Indies.</p></blockquote>
<p>Those 1950s West Indian birds have by now spawned a franchise that more than any other has assembled a roster of great character names. Here are some selected favorites:</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Bond Girls</strong></td>
<td><strong>Bond Villains</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Bambi and Thumper<br />
Bibi Dahl<br />
Domino Derval<br />
Elektra King<br />
Fiona Volpe<br />
Holly Goodhead<br />
Honey Ryder<br />
Jinx<br />
Kara Milovy<br />
Kissy Suzuki<br />
Lupe Lamora<br />
Mary Goodnight<br />
May Day<br />
Melina Havelock<br />
Miss Caruso<br />
Miss Taro<br />
Molly Warmflash<br />
Natalya Simonova<br />
Octopussy<br />
Paris Carver<br />
Patricia Fearing<br />
Plenty O’Toole<br />
Pola Ivanova<br />
Pussy Galore<br />
Rosie Carver<br />
Solitaire<br />
Sylvia Trench<br />
Tiffany Case<br />
Vida and Zora, gypsy fighters<br />
Wai Lin<br />
Xenia Onatopp</td>
<td valign="top">Baron Samedi<br />
Blofeld<br />
Bonita<br />
Colonel Moon<br />
Count Lippe<br />
Doctor No<br />
Dr Kananga / Mr Big<br />
Elliott Carver<br />
Emilio Largo<br />
General Orlov<br />
Gobinda<br />
Goldfinger<br />
Hai Fat<br />
Hugo Drax<br />
Irma Bunt<br />
Jaws<br />
Kamal Khan<br />
May Day<br />
Milton Krest<br />
Miranda Frost<br />
Mischka and Grischka<br />
Mr. Kil<br />
Necros<br />
Nick Nack<br />
Oddjob<br />
Professor Dent<br />
Rosie Carver<br />
Scaramanga<br />
Stamper<br />
Tee Hee<br />
Wint and Kidd</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Name origins: Mountain Dew</title>
		<link>http://www.wordlab.com/2003/05/name-origins-mountain-dew/</link>
		<comments>http://www.wordlab.com/2003/05/name-origins-mountain-dew/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2003 18:46:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>snark</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture / History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Names/Naming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[name origins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[product names]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.snarkhunting.com/2003/05/best-name-brand-love-product-names-tagline/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Yahoo Mountain Dew&#8230;It&#8217;ll tickle your innards.&#8221; Mountain Dew is one of the three best-named soft drinks of all time, the other two are tackled later in this brand love poem. The name, the original graphics, the mascot, the product, the ad campaigns and the tagline have made an impression so lasting, that obsessed Dew fan [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Yahoo Mountain Dew&#8230;It&#8217;ll tickle your innards.&#8221; Mountain Dew is one of the three best-named soft drinks of all time, the other two are tackled later in this brand love poem.</p>
<p>The name, the original graphics, the mascot, the product, the ad campaigns and the tagline have made an impression so lasting, that obsessed Dew fan chroniclers make Coca Cola collecting compulsives look slack by comparison. Today we honor that obsession by presenting, almost in its entirety and with added graphic, the following explanation from <a href="http://www.mountaindewbottles.com/HISTORY.HTM">mountaindewbottles.com</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>
What is Mountain Dew? Is it the bottle or the drink inside the bottle? Who invented this popular drink and when?</p>
<p>In the early 1940&#8242;s, two brothers, Ally and Barney Hartman, were bottling a lithiated-lemon (&#8220;7-up&#8221; flavor) drink as a personal mixer for hard-liquor. They jokingly called the drink &#8220;Mountain Dew&#8221; after Tennessee Mountain Moonshine.</p>
<p>In 1946, as a continuation of the joke, Barney and Ally added a paper label (misspelled by the artist) to their mixer showing a hillbilly with a gun and a &#8220;by BARNEY and OLLIE&#8221; inscription. The bottle was taken to a convention in Gatlinburg, Tennessee and their friends convinced them that this was a marketable drink.</p>
<p><img src="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/old-mountain-dew-bottle.jpg" alt="old Mountain Dew bottle" title="old-mountain-dew-bottle" width="156" height="206" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-3051" />On November 12, 1948 the Hartman Brothers filed for and received a trademark on the now famous label &#8211; a professional redraw of the 1946 paper label. The flavor was still the 7-up type flavor originated by them in the 1940&#8242;s.</p>
<p>In 1951, Ally ordered the first ACL Mountain Dew bottle. The bottle was green glass with white paint (no red) showing a hillbilly shooting at a revenuer running from an outhouse. The bottle read &#8220;by BARNEY and ALLY&#8221;. Interestingly, when the bottles arrived they were put in a warehouse and not used till 1955.</p>
<p>In 1954, Charlie Gordon decided that Tri-City Beverage need to add a new flavored drink and contacted his old friend, Ally Hartman. Ally sold Charlie the very first franchise for Mountain Dew and Charlie became the first bottler to commercially sell Mountain Dew (remember, Ally had put his bottles into storage). The very first commercially available ACL Mountain Dew bottle was the &#8220;by CHARLIE &#8211; JIM and BILL&#8221; bottle. Charlie had his concentrate formulated at the Tip Corporation in Marion, VA.</p>
<p>In 1955, based on Tri-City Beverage&#8217;s success, Hartman Beverage pulled their bottles out of the warehouse and started bottling Mountain Dew commercially. Bill Kibler left Tri-City Beverage that year which left Charlie and his plant manager, Jim Archer. They produced another run of bottles that said &#8220;by CHARLIE and JIM&#8221;.</p>
<p>Also in 1955, two other brothers, RB (Richard or Dick) and Herman Minges worked out a deal with Ally Hartman and started bottling Mountain Dew at their Fayetteville, NC Pepsi plant. Along with their other brother Dean, the first Minges bottle (the fourth ACL Mountain Dew bottle) was produced under the &#8220;by DEAN and DICK&#8221; label.</p>
<p>In 1957, Herman left the Fayetteville Pepsi Plant to start a new Pepsi plant in Lumberton, NC with his father LL Minges. They put out the fifth Mountain Dew Bottle &#8211; &#8220;by HERMAN &#038; L.L.&#8221;.</p>
<p>In August of 1957, the Tip Corporation was purchased by five men: Bill Jones (it&#8217;s current President), Ally Hartman, RB Minges, Herman Minges and Wythe Hull. Wythe was a Marion, Virginia Pepsi bottler, but he never produced Mountain Dew since Charlie Gordon had that territories franchise.</p>
<p>On November 30th, 1957 Ally Hartman sold Mountain Dew to the Tip Corporation.</p>
<p>In 1959 Bill Bridgforth became the plant manager of Tri-City Beverage in Johnson City, Tennessee and worked with Bill Jones to develop a lemonade flavored drink called Tri-City Lemonade. The concentrate is produced by the Tip Corporation.</p>
<p>In 1960, Bill Bridgforth moved his Tri-City Lemonade flavor into the Mountain Dew Bottle which replacing [sic] the 7-up flavor. This new lemonade flavor is the flavor that is bottled as Mountain Dew today.</p>
<p>In 1962, Herman Minges also moves the Tri-City Lemonade flavor into his Mountain Dew Bottles to compete against a drink called SunDrop Cola.</p>
<p>On May 29th 1962 Tip grants it&#8217;s first franchise to Pepsi-Cola Bottling of Kinston, NC. Kinston orders the &#8220;by HOYT MINGES&#8221; bottle.</p>
<p>On September 2nd 1964 Pepsi purchases the Tip Corporation and as such the Mountain Dew Flavor.</p>
<p>In 1965, Pepsi announces the &#8220;Yahoo Mountain Dew&#8230;It&#8217;ll tickle your innards&#8221; campaign. The Mountain Dew bottle is redesigned, Willy the hillbilly (named after Willy Mcfalls) is redesigned and names are no longer allowed on the bottles. Up until this point about 174 different named bottles had been produced. However, many named bottles were still produced after 1965. Refer to the complete history for details.
</p></blockquote>
<p>For those of you still thirsting for more, we found a different site that features <a href="http://www.dewcollector.com/cgi-bin/namebottles.cgi">The Master List of Named Mountain Dew Bottles</a>. Whew! Fortunately, far less is known about the 7-Up name. From <a href="http://www.infoplease.com/askeds/8-2-01askeds.html">infoplease.com</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>
The popular lemon-lime flavored soft drink was created by Charles Leiper Grigg in 1929.</p>
<p>His fist name for the new soda was &#8220;Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda.&#8221; That became &#8220;7-Up Lithiated Lemon-Lime,&#8221; before Grigg settled on simply &#8220;7-Up.&#8221;</p>
<p>According to the official web site of 7-Up, which has been a product of the Cadbury Schweppes Company since 1995, there are several theories about how Grigg came up with the unusual name.</p>
<p>Here are the most plausible stories.</p>
<ol>
<li>He named it after a cattle brand he saw that looked like a &#8220;7 Up.&#8221;</li>
<li>He thought of it while rooting for sevens during a game of craps.</li>
<li>7-Up has seven ingredients.</li>
<li>The words &#8220;seven up&#8221; have seven letters.</li>
<li>The original 7-Up bottle held seven ounces.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="http://www.wordlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/old-orange-crush-bottles.jpg" alt="old Orange Crush bottles" title="old-orange-crush-bottles" width="300" height="215" class="alignright size-full wp-image-3052" />And lastly but thankfully, nothing is known of the origins of the name Orange Crush. A truly wonderful name that became a slang term for an infamous defoliant used in the Vietnam War, a nickname for the Denver Bronco&#8217;s defense, a song and, sadly, a mixed drink that contains no Orange Crush but rather Vodka, Triple Sec, Orange Juice and yes, 7up. But the pictures sure are pretty.</p>
<p>Ahhh&#8230; drink up!</p>
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